William n



. the type, are known commercially as paraf- Patented Oct. 3, 1922.

UNITED STA TEST WILLIAM N. BLAKEMAN, JR, or MOUNT VERNON, NEW YORK.

MINERAL OIL.

N 0 Drawing.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, \VILLIAM N. BLAKE- MAN, J r., a citizen of the United States, and resident of the city-of Mount Vernon, in the county of lVestchester and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Mineral Oils, which invention is fully set forth in the following specification.

The invention relates to the petroleum or mineral oils obtained chiefly from oil fields in the Appalachian territory, including Pennsylvania, New York, Ohio, Indiana, West Virginia, Kentucky and Tennessee, and from other domestic and foreign oil fields. The oils in this class, or group, of which the Pennsylvania oils are regarded as fine base oils, andare regarded chemically as being largely composed of saturated hydrocarbons of the paratline series. They are soluble in, and miscible with, the various drying, semi-drying and non-drying fatty oils, but they do not unite chemically with such oils, as when so mixed and then spread on a plain surface, they flow out from such combinations, or evaporate. or wash away. This is owing to their indifference to the action of oxygen, all attempts to oxidize them, except at temperatures approaching decomposition or combustion. having failed.

I have discovered that these mineral oils of the Pennsylvania type, may be hydrogenated, and that when so hydrogenated they become susceptible to oxidation. And I have further discovered that when so hydrogenated, and particularly if hydrogenated and oxidized, they will unite and form.

stable and permanent compounds with the animal and vegetable drying, semi-drying, and non-drying fatty oils, so that, dryingoil-vehicles, of any gravity or character desired, may be built up therewith.

Either the crude mineral oil, or any of its fractions, distillates, or residuals may be employed in carrying out my invention, and by the term mineral oil, or Pennsylvania oil, as used in this specification and in the claims, I intend to include the crude oil, and also its fractions, distillates and residuals. In demonstration, I select, as being well adapted for use, the distillate now known commercially as heavy paralfine oil, of @915 sp. gr. and subject it to the action of hydrogen, in the presence of cata- Application filed April 16, 1921. Serial No. 461,963.

lysts, with heat, until it assumes the color of hght vinegar, continuing the operation if desired, toa light cherry red. This hydrogenated oil may then be mixed with any of the animal or vegetable drying, semi-drymg, or nondrying fatty oils, and will unite therewith, the reaction being accelerated by exposure to' light,- or a gentle heat, or both,

and the compound or mixture so formed will, if spread in a thin film, on a plain surface, dry and indurate satisfactorily. Thus, a mixture of cotton seed oil, and 20% heavy paraiiine oil, hydrogenated, when allowed to blend for 8-10 hours at a gentle heat or in broad sunlight, and spread on a plain surface, will retain its homogeneity, will not break or flow out, and will firm to the touch, in 24 hours, with'a progressive induration under favorable climatic conditions; whereas, a mixture of an untreated parafline oil and a fatty oil will fail to show any such result.

' After the mineral oil has been hydrogenated, it may be oxidized if desired, and I have found that such oxidation will greatly accelerate its activity. The oxidation may be effected by heating on oxidizers, a run on the higher oxides of manganese, at a temperature of 185 to 194, F ahr. for one or two hours, being sufficient; and the addition of 2% or 3% of an oxygen-carrier, such as turpentine spirits, will be of marked benefit. If 10% of this mineral oil, hydrogenated and oxidized, be mixed with cotton-seed oil, and the mixture after blending, be spread on a plain surface, it will firm to the touch in 9 hours and subsequently indurate satisfacof the mineral oil and the character of the pigment or other solid material used, will govern the proportion required, but a medium percentage of 15% to 20% of the mineral oil will be'found to be generally effective.

The fatty oils which fall within the economical scope of my invention and the painting art, at present, are, of the vegetable 0118, linseed, tung, cottonseed, soja 'mal oils, menhaden, fish, seal, whale, porpoise, shark, and the like. These oils may be used either singly or combined, and, when forming a paint-vehicle with the mineral oil, are preferably used in excess of the latter.

- In forming mixtures between the treated mineral oil and fatty oils, particularly with non-drying fatty oils, I prefer to include a percentage of tung oil, as I have found that its use improves the quality of the mixture and accelerates the firming and induration of the film. The tung oil apparently exerts some peculiar influence in the presence of the hydrogenated mineral oil, as is shown by the fact that if 15% of tung oil be incorporated with a heavy parafiine oil, hydrogenated, and the mixture, after blending, without the addition of any other oils, be spread on a plain surface, it will firm to the touch in 4 or 5 hours, and progress to complete induration under favorable conditions, the usual commercial liquid drier hastening the result. 1 The paint-vehicles which may be formed as a result of my invention are of universal application, but are especially adapted for impal able, and emulsive condition; will sprea use with those anhydrous and inert substances, which, in the present hydrated system of painting are now used mostly-as adulterants or fillers, but which with my new vehicles, may be employed as sole body-giving agents, relying upon a moderate percentage of the more expensive metallic oxides and salts for complete opacity in the film. All these substances can be ground in my new vehicles, with great facility, to a smooth,

on plain surfaces with beautiful homogeneity and uniformity; will firm to the touch with a celerity unknown in the painting art; and will indurate to a satisfactory and permanent film. The pigments produced by furnace sublimations of zinc oxide and lead sulphate, now on the market under the name of leaded zinc or zinc-lead, carrying from 5% to 35% lead sulphate, are preeminently adapted for use with these vehicles, forming white films which effectually resist degrading and discolorin weathering effects. Most remarkable combinations may be made alsowith natural barium sulphate, known commercially as barytes (the ground rock) which, for tinted films, in structural painting, will be found preferable to allother combinations ineconomy and permanency. I

Thus, for example, if a vehicle be formed with 75 parts cottonseed oil, 10 parts hea parafline oil, hydrogenated and oxidize and 15 parts tung 011; or 60 parts cottonor sulphide.

seed oil, 25 parts heavy parafiine oil, hydrogenated and oxidized, and 15. parts tung oil; when from 5 to 7 parts of either of these vehicles are combined with 10 parts of zinc lead (composed of about 65 per cent zinc oxide and 35% lead sulphate) with the usual uantity of commercial turpentine Japan drier added, the composition will s read and follow the brush in a smooth an uniform film; firm to the touch in from 1%; to 2 hours, according to climatic conditions, and indurate into a permanent covering. From 5 to 7 parts of such vehicles, properly ground with 15 parts of barytes and 3 parts of zinc lead, of the above composition, and the usual drier, will form a structural covering most economical in manufacture and most resistant to the elements. Not only barytes but its various manufactured compounds such as lithopone andthe proprietary whites, can be used as sole body-giving agents, grinding with great facility, even from a granular form, into an impalpable and emulsive condition, showing, when spread as a film, a diffused o alescence in either transmitted or reflected light, the opacity bein 'easily increased by a small percentage of t c more expensive metallic oxides 'and salts.

While my new oil vehicles, carrying in excess non-drying and semi-drying fatty oils, are particularly adapted for use with anhydrous pigments, and, owing to the low cost of -material, will form more economical compositions when so used, they majVDbe used also for hydrated pigments such as ut'ch white lead, particularly Where the white lead is associated with a metallic oxide Thus, if? parts cottonseed oil, carrying 25% heavy parafiine oil, hydrogenated and oxidized, and 15% tung oil, be properly ground with 10 parts of Dutch white lead and 3 parts zinc sulphide, and a drier, the composition, when spread on a plain surface, will, under favorable conditions,firm to the touch in one half hour and indurate to a satisfactory film.

Although cocoanut and palm-kernal oils are fluid at summer heats, and chill to butters at somewhat lower temperatures, yet when from 10% to 20% of cocoanut oil. is used in these new vehicles, it will not cloud, flock, or chill out, but will remain in clear solution at temperatures very much below its congealing point; and the presence of this 011', or butter, in the mixture, especially in contact with tung oil, will be found to improve the spreadmg power of anhydrous substances, may be added to the compositions, to give.

anadditional resistant effect to the film. I

Any suitable commercial liquid drier may be employed.

Light, heat, pressure, agitation, and electrical energy may be used whenever deemed advisable.

The paint-composition made with my new vehicle is claimed in a separate application, filed herewith, having the Serial Number 461,962.

Having thus fully described my invention, I claim 2-- 1. A mineral oil, of the Pennsylvania\ type, hydrogenated and oxidized. Y

2. An oil vehicle comprising a fatty oil; and a mineral oil of the Pennsylvania type, hydrogenated.

3. An oilvehicle comprising a fatty oil; and a mineral oil of the Pennsylvania type,

hydrogenated and oxidized.

a mineral oil of the Pennsylvania type, hydrogenated.

5. An oil-vehicle comprising tung oil; and a mineral oil of the Pennsylvania type, hydrogenated and oxidized.

- 6. An oil-vehicle comprising tung oil; another fatty oil; and a mineral oil of the Pennsylvania type, hydrogenated.

7. 'An oil-vehicle comprising tung oil; another .fatty oil; and a mineral oil of the Pennsylvania type, hydrogenated and oxidized. p

8. An oil-vehicle comprising tung oil; a non-drying fatty oil; and a mineral oil of the Pennsylvania type, hydrogenated.

9. An oil-vehicle comprising tung oil; a non-drying fatty oil; and a mineral oil of the Pennsylvania type, hydrogenated and oxidized.

N. BLAKEMAN, J R. 

